Evolution of mud-crack patterns during repeated drying cycles

Lucas Goehring1,2,3, Rebecca Conroy 1, Asad Akhter 1, William J. Clegg2, and Alexander F. Routh1,3

University of Cambridge

    1Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology

    2Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy

    3BP Institute for Multiphase Flow

  

Soft Matter, 6, 3562 (2010).

Download preprint pdf: goehring09_revised.pdf

In mud, crack patterns are frequently seen with either an approximately rectilinear or hexagonal tiling.  Here we show, experimentally, how a desiccation crack pattern changes from being dominated by 90° joint angles, to 120° joint angles. Layers of bentonite clay, a few mm thick, were repeatedly wetted and dried. When dried, the layers crack.  These cracks visibly close when rewetted, but a similar crack pattern forms when the layer is re-dried,  with cracks forming along the lines of previously open cracks.  Time-lapse photography was used to show how the sequence in which individual cracks open is different in each generation of drying.  The geometry of the crack pattern was observed after each of 25 generations of wetting and drying.  The angles between cracks were found to approach 120°, with a relaxation time of approximately 4 generations.  This was accompanied by a gradual change in the position of the crack vertices, as the crack pattern evolved. A simple model of crack behavior in a layer where the positions of previously open cracks define lines of weakness is developed to explain these observations.